United States[edit]
Texas[edit]
There are a dozen different desalination projects in the State of Texas, both for desalinating groundwater and desalinating seawater from the Gulf of Mexico.[134][135]
##El Paso: Brackish groundwater has been treated at the El Paso, Texas, plant since around 2004. It produces 27,500,000 US gallons (104,000,000 l; 22,900,000 imp gal) of fresh water daily (about 25% of total freshwater deliveries) by reverse osmosis.[136] The plant’s water cost — largely representing the cost of energy — is about 2.1 times higher than ordinary groundwater production. On average, the plant produces 3.5 million gallons per day (about 11 acre-feet) at an average production cost of $489 per acre-foot.[137]
California[edit]
California has 17 desalination plants in the works, either partially constructed or through exploration and planning phases.[138] The list of locations includes Bay Point, in the Delta, Redwood City, seven in the Santa Cruz / Monterey Bay, Cambria, Oceaneo, Redondo Beach, Huntington Beach, Dana Point, Camp Pendleton, Oceanside and Carlsbad.
##Carlsbad: The United States' largest desalination plant is being constructed by Poseidon Resources and is expected to go online 2016.[139] It is expected to produce 50 million gallons a day to 110,000 customers in San Diego County at an estimated cost of $1b.
##Concord: Planned to open in 2020, producing 20 million gallons a day.
##Monterey County: Sand City, two miles north of Monterey, with a population of 334, is the only city in California completely supplied with water from a desalination plant.
##Santa Barbara: The Charles Meyer Desalination Facility[140] was constructed in Santa Barbara, California, in 1991–92 as a temporary emergency water supply in response to severe drought. While it has a high operating cost, the facility only needs to operate infrequently, allowing Santa Barbara to use its other supplies more extensively.
Florida[edit]
Florida has five (5) water management districts. These are (North to South):[141]
##Northwest Florida WMD[142]
##Suwannee River WMD[143]
##Saint Johns WMD[144] Provides map of districts. Serves Jacksonville to Vero Beach.
##Southwest Florida WMD[145]
##South Florida WMD[146] Serves Orlando.
The St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) provides a presentation (PDF) of the desalanation process.[147]
As of 2012, South Florida has 33 brackish and two seawater desalination plants operating with seven brackish water plants under construction.
The brackish and seawater desalination plants have the capacity to produce 245 million gallons of potable water per day.[148]
(yeah you read that right)
##Tampa Bay: The Tampa Bay Water desalination project near Tampa, Florida, was originally a private venture led by Poseidon Resources, but it was delayed by the bankruptcy of Poseidon Resources' successive partners in the venture, Stone & Webster, then Covanta (formerly Ogden) and its principal subcontractor, Hydranautics. Stone & Webster declared bankruptcy June 2000. Covanta and Hydranautics joined in 2001, but Covanta failed to complete the construction bonding, and then the Tampa Bay Water agency purchased the project on May 15, 2002, underwriting the project. Tampa Bay Water then contracted with Covanta Tampa Construction, which produced a project that failed performance tests. After its parent went bankrupt, Covanta also filed for bankruptcy prior to performing renovations that would have satisfied contractual agreements. This resulted in nearly six months of litigation. In 2004, Tampa Bay Water hired a renovation team, American Water/Acciona Aqua, to bring the plant to its original, anticipated design. The plant was deemed fully operational in 2007,[38] and is designed to run at a maximum capacity of 25 million US gallons (95,000 m3) per day.[149] The plant can now produce up to 25 million US gallons (95,000 m3) per day when needed.[150]
Arizona[edit]
##Yuma: The desalination plant in Yuma, Arizona, was constructed under authority of the Federal Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act of 1974 to treat saline agricultural return flows from the Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District into the Colorado River. The treated water is intended for inclusion in water deliveries to Mexico, thereby keeping a like amount of freshwater in Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada. Construction of the plant was completed in 1992, and it has operated on two occasions since then. The plant has been maintained, but largely not operated due to sufficient freshwater supplies from the upper Colorado River.[151] An agreement was reached in April 2010 between the Southern Nevada Water Authority, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, the Central Arizona Project, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to underwrite the cost of running the plant in a year-long pilot project.[152]
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Originally Posted by LAGC
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