Sagan had an easier way of putting that. He postulated that:
If 1/10 of 1% of the stars in the Milky Way had planets;
If 1/10 of 1% of the planets were in the habitable zone;
If 1/10 of 1% of the planets in the habitable zone supported life;
If 1/10 of 1% of the planets with life developed intelligent life;
then that incredibly small percentage would STILL mean there would be (mathematically speaking) millions of planets with intelligent life.
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